Automotive washer NSQF LEVEL 4 - Unit 2 - Session-4
AUTOMOTIVE WASHER
A washer is a thin plate with a hole that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut. Other uses are as a spacer, spring, wear pad, preload indicating device, locking device, and to reduce vibration. Washers usually have an outer diameter (OD) about twice the width of their inner diameter (ID).
Automotive washers are the small flat dishes having a hole in the center. These essential auto fasteners are generally made of metal, leather, plastic, and rubber. The main function of the automotive washers is to hold or bear the load of a threaded fastener or bolt. Washers are just put below a nut, axle bearing or joint with the main purpose of preventing leakage and distributing pressure.
The automotive washers include bolt lock washers, cylinder head washers, lug
nut washers, radiator washers and hardened washers.
Different
types of washers
• 'plain
washers', which spread
a load, and prevent damage to the surface being fixed, or provide some sort of
insulation such as electrical.
• 'spring washers', which have axial
flexibility and are used to prevent fastening loosening due to vibrations.
• 'locking washers' which prevent
fastening loosening by preventing unscrewing rotation of the fastening device;
locking washers are usually also spring washers.
Rivets
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Rivets often regarded as a semi-permanent mechanical fastener
having a cylindrical shaft with head on one hand and the end opposite the head
is called buck-tail. Rivets are the oldest forms of automotive fasteners used
in building traditional wooden boat. But now rivets are used as automobile
fasteners in a wide number of applications like vehicle bodies, aircraft,
bridges, cranes, building frames etc. Riveting is one of the earliest developed
joining methods for metals and rivet joint involves a malleable rivet being
placed through pre-drilled holes in the mating parts while the end of the rivet
is upset or deformed so that it expands to about 1.5 times the original shaft
diameter of rivet.
Types of rivets
Other important fastener
Circlip
A circlip, is a type of fastener or
retaining ring consisting of a semi-flexible metal ring with open ends which
can be snapped into place, into a machined groove on a dowel pin or other part
to permit rotation but to prevent lateral movement.
Split pin
A split pin, also known as a cotter pin or cotter key, is a
metal fastener with two tines that are bent during installation, similar to a staple
or rivet. Typically made of thick wire with a half-circular cross section,
split pins come in multiple sizes and types.
Spring pin
A spring pin, is a mechanical fastener that secures the
position of two or more parts of a machine relative to each other. Spring pins
have a body diameter which is larger than the hole diameter, and a chamfer on
either one or both ends to facilitate starting the pin into the hole. The
spring action of the pin allows it to compress as it assumes the diameter of
the hole. The radial force exerted by the pin against the hole wall retains it
in the hole, therefore a spring pin is considered a self retaining fastener.
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